Data
analysis sheet for strain gradient
measurements
Figure
SG.1.1.
Top view of cantilever test
structure used to measure strain
gradient.
To obtain the
following measurements, consult ASTM
standard test method E 2246 entitled
"Standard Test Method for Strain
Gradient Measurements of Thin,
Reflecting Films
Using an Optical Interferometer."
date data taken (optional)
=
/
/
identifying
words
(optional) =
instrument
used
(optional) =
fabrication
facility/process
(optional) =
test
chip name/number
(optional) =
filename of 3-D data set
(optional) =
filename of 2-D data traces
(optional) =
Table 1 - Preliminary
ESTIMATES
Description
1
material =
material
2
design length =
µm
design
length
3
which cantilever?
which cantilever on the test chip ?
4
magnification =
×
magnification
5
orientation =
orientation of the cantilever on the
chip
6
calx =
x-calibration factor (for the given magnification)
7
interx
=
µm
maximum field of view (for the given
magnification)
8
σxcal =
µm
one sigma
uncertainty in a ruler
measurement (for the given magnification)
9
xres
=
µm
resolution
of the interferometer in the
x-direction
10
calz =
z-calibration factor (for the given magnification)
11
cert =
µm
certified value of double-sided
physical step
height used for calibration
12
σzcal
=
µm
standard deviation of step height
measurements (on double-sided physical step height)
13
zres
=
µm
resolution
of the interferometer in the
z-direction
14
Rtave
=
µm
peak-to-valley roughness of a flat and
leveled surface of the sample material calculated to be the
average of three or more measurements, each measurement of
which is taken from a different 2-D data trace
15
aligned?
Yes
No
alignment ensured ?
16
leveled?
Yes
No
data leveled ?
17
stiction?
Yes
No
Is this cantilever exhibiting stiction
?
(If
it is exhibiting stiction, do not fill out the remainder of
this form.)
Table 2 -
INPUTS
(uncalibrated values from Trace
"a" or "e")
Notes
18
x1max
(i.e., x1upper)
=
µm
19
x1min
(i.e., x1lower)
=
µm
(x1min > x1max)
Table 3 -
INPUTS (uncalibrated values from Trace "b")
Notes
20
x1
=
µm
z1
=
µm
(x1ave<
x1 * calx)
21
x2
=
µm
z2
=
µm
(x1ave<
x2 * calx)
22
x3
=
µm
z3
=
µm
(x1ave<
x3 * calx)
Table 4 - INPUTS
(uncalibrated values from Trace
"c")
Notes
23
x1
=
µm
z1
=
µm
(x1ave<
x1 * calx)
24
x2
=
µm
z2
=
µm
(x1ave<
x2 * calx)
25
x3
=
µm
z3
=
µm
(x1ave<
x3 * calx)
Table 5 - INPUTS
(uncalibrated values from Trace
"d")
Notes
26
x1
=
µm
z1
=
µm
(x1ave<
x1 * calx)
27
x2
=
µm
z2
=
µm
(x1ave<
x2 * calx)
28
x3
=
µm
z3
=
µm
(x1ave<
x3 * calx)
OUTPUTS (calibrated values):
x1ave
=
µm
s =
from Trace "c"
s = 1 (for downward bending
cantilevers or
if data was taken from the
bottom of an upward bending
cantilever)
s = −1 (for upward bending
cantilevers unless
data was taken from the bottom
of an upward bending cantilever)
Rint
=
µm from Trace
"b"
a
=
µm from Trace
"b" b
=
µm from Trace
"b"
sg=
m−1
from Trace "b"
Rint
=
µm from Trace
"c"
a
=
µm from Trace
"c" b
=
µm from Trace
"c" sg=
m−1
from Trace "c"
(USE THIS VALUE)
uW=
m−1 from
two or three traces
usamp=
m−1 from
Trace "c"
uxcal=
m−1
from Trace "c"
uzcal=
m−1
from Trace "c"
uzres=
m−1
from Trace "c"
uxres=
m−1
from Trace "c" uc
= SQRT[uW2
+ usamp2
+ uxcal2
+ uzcal2
+ uzres2
+ uxres2]
uc=
m−1 from
two or three traces
Rint
=
µm from Trace
"d"
a
=
µm from Trace
"d" b
=
µm from Trace
"d"
sg=
m−1
from Trace "d"
Report the results as follows: Since it can be assumed that the
possible estimated values are either approximately uniformly
distributed or Gaussian with approximate standard deviation
uc, the strain gradient is believed to lie in the
interval
sg ±
uc with a level of
confidence of approximately 68 % assuming a Gaussian distribution.
Modify the
input data, given the
information supplied in any
flagged statement below, if
applicable, then recalculate:
1.
Please fill
out the entire form.
2.
The value
for the design length should be
between 0 µm and 1000 µm.
3.
Is the
magnification appropriate given
the design length ?
4.
Magnifications at or
less than 2.5×
shall not be used.
5.
Is 0.95 < calx <
1.05 but not equal to
"1"? If not,
recheck your x-calibration.
6.
The value for interx
should be between
0
µm
and 1500
µm.
7.
The value for
σxcal
should be between 0
µm
and 4
µm.
8.
The value for
xres
should be between 0
µm
and 2.00
µm.
9.
Is 0.95 <
calz < 1.05 but not equal to
"1"? If not, recheck your
z-calibration.
10.
The value
for cert should be
greater than 0 µm and less than
25 µm.
11.
The value
for σzcal
should be between 0 µm and 0.050
µm.
12.
The value for zres
should be greater than 0
µm and less than or
equal to 0.005 µm.
13.
The value for
Rtave
should be between 0 µm
and 0.100 µm.
14.
Alignment has not been
ensured.
15.
Data has not been
leveled.
16.
x1min
should be greater than
x1max.
17.
The
calibrated values for x1min
and x1max are
greater than 10 µm apart.
18.
In Trace
"b," the calibrated values of
x1,
x2, and x3
should be >x1ave.
19.
In Trace
"c," the calibrated values of
x1,
x2, and x3
should be >x1ave.
20.
In Trace
"d," the calibrated values of
x1,
x2, and x3
should be >x1ave.
21.
In Traces
"b," "c," and "d," the value for
s is not the same.